化学法制浆第3章Kinetics of kraft pulping.pptx

Lecture 3# Kinetics of kraft pulping;Outline;Delignification;;Initial phase: the dissolution of lignin is very fast and takes place at temperatures below 140°C. The dissolved lignin in this phase is also called extractable lignin. The extractable lignin amounts to some 20% of softwood lignin and 30% of hardwood lignin. Bulk phase: the major part of the lignin is degraded and dissolved, whereas the carbohydrate dissolution is relatively small. The bulk delignification is the most selective delignification phase. Residual phase: the delignification is very slow. The lignin is defined as the lignin reacting according to the mechanisms of the residual phase. It is desirable that the amount of residual phase lignin is as low as possible, as the selectivity towards degradation and dissolution of this lignin is very poor.;Residual lignin;Assumptions for kinetic models;Assumption 1#;Assumption 2#;Assumption 3#;Assumption 4#;Assumption 5#;Assumption 6#;H-factor (time temperature );Example;How is the H-factor calculated? Remember the Arrhenius equation?;;Deeply understand H-factor;Automatically calculate H-factor;;The heating up period to reach cooking temperature usually contributes with 150-200 H-factor units. The total H-factor requirement depends on the pulp to be produced.;Effects of Chemicals on Kraft Pulping;;;Residual alkali vs. kappa number