化学法制浆第4章Brown stock washing.pptx

Lecture 4# Brown stock washing;Introduction;Historical background;;Since 1950s, pulp washing has been viewed important based on economic aspects.;;Today more than 99% of the spent liquor is washed out of the pulp and taken care of for further treatment in the recovery system.;Since 1970s, the amount of water being used for washing has also been reduced to a great extent. Since the spent liquor leaving the wash plant has to be evaporated, in order to increase the concentration of dissolved solids from a level 15-17% (by weight) to at least 65%, dilution of the liquor with water has to be avoided or limited. After the first dramatic price escalation for fuel oil in the beginning of the 1970s, the interst for washing equipment using low amounts of wash water increased a lot. The objective of brown stock washing today is to remove the maximum amount of black liquor dissolved solids from the pulp while using as little wash water as possible.;Washing Theory;Basic case of washing;Basic pulp washing operations;In dilution/extraction washing, the pulp slurry is diluted and mixed with weak wash liquor or clean water. Then the liquor is extracted by thickening the pulp, either by filtering or by pressing. This procedure must be repeated many times in order to suffientily wash the pulp. The efficientcy of dilution/extraction washing depends primarily on the consistency to which the pulp is diluted and thickened.;The Principle of displacement washing;In practice, it is impossible to avoid a certain degree of mixing.;Washing system design;Counter-current washing is the generally-used system design.;Terminology;Washable soda loss;Dilution factor Defined as the weight of wash water introduced into the black liquor per unit weight of oven dry pulp being washed. It represents the quality of water used for washing pulp. The wash water added to the black liquor is the difference between wash water applied to the washing unit and the water remaining in the pulp after washing. A negativ