新牛津译林版英语八年级下册语法复习被动语态精讲精练.docVIP

曹丿中学八年级语法复习 PAGE PAGE 4 被动语态 1. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。 We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时，在不知道动作的执行者是谁时，通常用被动语态 在被动语态的句子中, 如果我们需要指出动作的执行者, 可以由by引出。 3. 被动语态的各个时态 1）一般现在时的被动语态: am/is/are+done English is used all over the world. 2）一般过去时的被动语态: was/were+done The picture was painted two years ago. 3）一般将来时的被动语态: will/be going to+be+done The work will be finished tomorrow. 4）现在完成时的被动语: have(has)+been+done The room has been cleaned. 5）现在进行时的被动语: am/is/are+being+done The flowers are being watered by them now. 6）含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+done Your homework must be handed in today.　 注意： ?1. 其它几种特殊句型：It is said that ……..? ?? ?? ? It is well known that …….? ?? ? It is reported that… have sth done??让某人做某事 His parents had the house cleaned. need doing = need to be done My hair needs cutting. = my hair needs to be cut. 2. 有些动词常用于被动语态。 He was born in Nanjing. The mobile phone was made in China. 3. 有些动词, 其主动语态形式含有被动意义。系动词smell, taste, sound, feel 等。 The dish smells good. 还有一些不及物动词, 常用主动语态, 和well, easily等副词连用, 含有被动意义。如: read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean 等。 The books sell well. 4. happen, take place, run out无被动。 The meeting happened / took place at the school hall. These new types of energy will never run out. 5. 在动词(hear, see, watch, listen to等)和使役动词(have, make, let)的主动语态句式中, 动词不定式的to常省去, 但是在被动语态中要加上to。 We often hear her sing next door. →She is often heard to sing by us next door. Mum made me clean the house. →I was made to clean the house by Mum. 含有短语动词的被动语态: 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。 The old people should be taken good care of. 7.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。 My father