大气科学之湿度讲诉.ppt

Coriolis Force+PGF L H 980 mb 984 mb 988 mb PGF Since there is no initial speed, the Coriolis force is zero. But There is PGF. As soon as the parcel starts to move, the Coriolis force is no longer zero. The Coriolis force is small at first, but as the speed increases, the Coriolis force increases. Coriolis Force+PGF L H 980 mb 984 mb 988 mb PGF C o V The PGF still exceeds the Coriolis force. The parcel continues to increase in speed, and the Coriolis force continues to increase in magnitude, further turning the parcels direction to the right (Northern Hemisphere!). Geostrophic Wind L H 980 mb 984 mb 988 mb PGF C o V Eventually the Coriolis and PGF balance each other. Since there is no unbalanced force, there is no acceleration. The wind continues to move at constant speed in a straight line (remember, no Friction). This is called: Geostrophic Wind A geostrophic wind flows parallel to the isobars. In this model of wind flow in the Northern Hemisphere, wind begins as a flow of air perpendicular to the isobars (measured in millibars) under the primary influence of the pressure gradient force (PGF). As the movement begins, the Coriolis force (CF) begins to influence the moving air causing it to deflect to the right of its path. This deflection continues until the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force are opposite and in balance with each other The balance of forces that create a gradient wind in the Northern Hemisphere (PGF = pressure gradient force; CF = Coriolis force; Ce = centripetal force; /Regents/physics/phys06/bcentrif/ ). In this diagram, CF = Ce + PGF for the low, and PGF = CF + Ce for the high. Summary ? How the wind is started – Pressure gradients ? How the wind is turned – Coriolis Circulation patterns of high and low pressure systems in the North and South Hemisphere. Coriolis Force + PGF + Friction Force Recall Lets apply this to the winds. Recall Ne