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Chapter 3 Biopotential measurement 3.1 ECG 3.2 EEG 3.3 EMG 3.4 Other biopotential measurements New terms Sinus node (SA node) 窦房结 Atrium 心房 Ventricle 心室 Bundle of HIS 希氏束 The Purkinje network 浦肯野氏纤维网 Pacemaker 起搏点;起搏器 Dipole 偶极子 Volume conductor 容积导体 Lead 导联 3.1 ECG 3.1.1 Electrical behavior of cardiac cells 3.1.2 Body-surface potentials 3.1.3 ECG lead 3.1.4 Functional blocks of the ECG 3.1.5 Problems frequently encountered 3.1.6 Common-mode and other interference-reduction circuits 1. Conduction system of the heart 3.1.1 Electrical behavior of cardiac cells The Conduction System of the Heart Why is a Wave Biphasic? Vector ECG – Dipole Moment Volume conductor A region of volume, which has conductivity and permittivity, in which resides a source current. Excitable tissue, when activated, will be found to generate currents both within itself and also in all surrounding conducting media. The latter passive region is characterized as a volume conductor. Volume conductor fields an electric field generated by active cells immersed in a volume conductor medium such as the body fluids. For example: Activation of cardiac tissue causes a propagation of excitation waves to move through the myocardium; these waves in turn produce an extra-cellular potential field, which can be characterized by the geometry and conductivity of the volume conductor and by the distance from, orientation to, and intensity of the source current. Instantaneous and Mean Vectors of Ventricular Depolarization (Vector ECG – Lead Vectors) vai = |M| cos qi Ventricular Septal Depolarization- the Q Wave Ventricular Depolarization-the R Wave Ventricular Depolarization-The S Wave S Ventricular Repolarization- the T Wave S Review of the Sequence in the Formation of the ECG conclusion 3.1.3 ECG lead I=Vl-Vr II=Vf-Vr III=Vf-Vl 2. Wilson’s Central Terminal
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