第八节语态变换法.docxVIP

第八节语态变换法 这里说的语态是指主动语态和 被动语态。这两种语态在英汉两种语 言中的使用情况是很不相同的： 英语 大量使用被动语态，而汉语则很少使 用，即便使用，也不像英语那样有固 定或比较统一的构成形式。譬如说， 汉语的被动不是只用一个“被”字表 示。因此在英汉互译中，要经常变换 语态，以使译文符合习惯用法，显得 地道而自然。试看译例： 1 ? The coming physics examinations said to be rather difficult, so we must get well prep ared for it 即将举行的物理考试 据说相当 困难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。 2? If bad weather is expected the forecaster must be able to suggest another air port within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing 如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人 员必须能够在该飞机航程内提 出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。 3 ? How can a series of motionless or still, picturesbe blendedon a screen to produce motion 卜样p ictures? 卜样 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎 在银幕上连到一起 合成电影的呢？ 4? Such liquid fuel rockets asare now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen 像现在用于宇宙研究的这类液态 燃料火箭，必须自己携带氧气。 5? How long will it be before black and white television setsare found only in museum? 还要过多久黑白电视机才会 被送 进博物馆呢？ 6? The oil of the world will have been used up and man will be using the more convenient po wer obtained from the sp litting of the atom 全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使 用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便 的动力。 7? In order to do research in nuclear physics, the young teachers are required to complete a two-year graduate course 为了能进行核物理方面的研究，要 求这些青年教师读完两年研究生课 程。 8? A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will be supplied to anyone who uses the system 把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可 以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量 信息。 9? Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be sp lit and its power can be used 自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世 界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可 利用。 ? Goodyear, an American, had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard, non-sticky and yet elastic 有一个叫古德伊尔的美国人一直 在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做得 硬而不粘，但是却有弹性。 ? There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei with neutrons 有几种放射性同位素是通过中子 轰击原子核而产生出来的。 ? The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built. 在建造一座金属大桥前，对金属受 热膨胀这一现象必须加以考虑。 This nuc