港口物流外文翻译--以港口为中心的物流参考范本.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Port-centric logistics Material Source: Author: John Mangan and Chandra Lalwani 1. Ports and supply chains Ports and maritime transport have existed for some thousands of years and have developed in line with the evolution of International trade which has been inherent in shaping the modern world. Some 6 billion tones of freight moves by maritime transport each year and is estimated to comprise 45 percent liquid bulks,23 percent dry bulks and 32percent general cargo. Total freight movements vary according to region, commodity and freight origin/destination. According to the World Bank(2001), there are more than 2,000 ports around the world, from single berth locations handling a few hundred tones a year to some of the world orts ’ s largest p such as Shanghai, Singapore and Rotterdam, which individually handle multiples of this (in the case of Shanghai, for example, the 2005 estimate is 443 million metric tones American Association of Port Authorities, 2005). Ports and maritime transport thus play an important role today in global commerce. It is important to first define exactly what is meant by the term “ According to Stopford (1997), a port is “ a geographical area where ships are brought alongside land to load and discharge cargo –usually a sheltered deep water area such as a bay of river mouth ” . Often ports comprise multiple terminals, a terminal being “ a section of the port consisting of one or more berths devoted to a particular type of cargo handling ”Ports. handle various diff erent categories of freight. Maritime freight is typically classified as: liquid bulk (the most significant sub-category here is oil), dry bulk(such as coal and some agricultural products), unitised freight (which comprises both lift-on/lift-off containers, i.e. Lo-Lo and roll-on/roll-off units, i.e. Ro-Ro), and other general freight. Some ports handle all categories of freight, while others focus on particular categories; different types of handling equipment at p