文稿讲义完整细胞信号转导21.pptVIP

IP3可在酶作用下水解。 DAG通过两种途径终止其信使作用：一是被DAG激酶磷酸化成为磷脂酸，进入肌醇脂循环再生；二是被DAG酯酶水解成甘油和花生四烯酸。 * * 1.胞膜结合型GC是跨膜蛋白，胞外区域是配体结合部位，能与神经肽等配体结合，引发构象改变；胞内区域为GC催化结构域，可分解GTP产生cGMP。 2.可溶性GC是二聚体蛋白，它的活化需要NO的激活。 * 心血管中cGMP作用于PKG，可降低血管平滑肌中的Ca2+离子浓度，抑制肌动蛋白－肌球蛋白复合物，引起血管平滑肌的舒张，血管扩张、血流通畅 * Signalling profiles of two different cancer cells are shown.?a?| In this cancer cell, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signalling through Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) results in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 phosphorylation (P), nuclear translocation and activation of genes that mediate proliferation and survival. At the same time, interferon-?(IFN) signalling through JAK2 results in STAT1 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transcription of genes that mediate cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. As a result, DNA-damaging therapy might still be effective for patients whose cells show this profile.?b?| In the signalling network of the second cancer cell, the IFN?signalling has been rerouted to activate STAT5, which results in transcription of pro-survival and proliferation genes, as opposed to the anti-proliferative effects of STAT1. Patients whose cancer cells show this signalling profile might be more resistant to DNA-damage-induction therapy. Inhibition of STAT5, the focal node activated in the therapy-resistant cancer cell, might therefore shift the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, and improve the response to cancer therapy. * /rh/rp/201312/114007.html The?Notch pathway is an evolutionarily?conserved signaling cascade that plays essential roles in the control of cell proliferation and cell fate specification during animal development. Defects in the Notch?signaling?are associated with various types of human disorders, such as cancer. In the last few decades, scientists have been working to understand how this signaling process is regulated, and large progress has been made.?However, how this pathway is regulated at the chromatin level is not fully unde