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© Lonely Planet Publications 26 History LOST PANAMA The coastlines and rainforests of Panama have been inhabited by humans for at least 10,000 years, and it’s estimated that several dozen indigenous groups including the Kuna, the Ngöbe-Buglé, the Emberá, the Wounaan and the Naso were living on the isthmus prior to the Spanish arrival. However, the historical tragedy of Panama is that despite its rich cultural history, there are virtually no physical remains of these great civilizations. Unlike the massive pyramid complexes found throughout Latin America, the ancient towns and cities of Panama vanished in the jungles, never to be seen by the eyes of the modern world. However, tales of lost cities still survive in the oral histories of Panama’s indigenous communities, and there is hope amongst Panamanian archaeologists that a great discovery lies in waiting. Old Panama and Castilla Considering that much of Panama consists of inaccessible mountains and rainforests, perhaps these dreams aren’t so fanciful. Del Oro, by CLG Anderson, is a narrative history of What is known about pre-Columbian Panama is that early inhabitants the Spanish discovery, were part of an extensive trading zone that extended as far south as Peru conquest and settlement and as far north as Mexico. Archaeologists have uncovered exquisite gold of Panama as well as ornaments and unusual life-size stone statues of human figures as well as the early efforts to build distinctive types of pottery and metates (stone platforms that were used for a canal. grinding corn). Panama’s first peoples a