ERS和细胞自噬的关系及其关联机制-病理学论文-基础医学论文-医学论文.docxVIP

ERS和细胞自噬的关系及其关联机制-病理学论文-基础医学论文-医学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)是真核细胞普遍存在的应激防御机制。ERS状态下,细胞会启动未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)增强对未折叠蛋白的折叠和对错误折叠蛋白的降解,以恢复内质网的正常生理功能。一些引发ERS的刺激也会 发细胞自噬。自噬作为真核细胞保守的降解机制,可通过加快错误折叠蛋白的降解,降低ERS水平,是继UPR之外帮助内质网恢复稳态的另一重要角色。研究表明,ERS及其伴随的细胞自噬与很多疾病的发生发展密切相关。然而,ERS如何引发细胞自噬,自噬如何反馈调节ERS,UPR与细胞自噬如何关联,这些问题并未得到详细的探讨和阐释。因此,该文对ERS和细胞自噬的关系及其关联机制进行综述,以期为相关疾病发病机制的阐明和开发新的治疗策略提供依据。 　　关键词：　内质网应激; 未折叠蛋白反应; 自噬; 　　Abstract：　ERS (endoplasmic reticulum stress) is a universal stress-defense mechanism in eukaryotic cells.When ERS appears,UPR (unfolded protein response) is initiated,enhancing the unfolded proteins folding and misfolded proteins degradation,to restore normal physiological functions of ER.Some stimuli that trigger ERS can also induce autophagy.As a conservative degradation mechanism of eukaryotic cells,autophagy can increase the degradation of misfolded proteins and reduce the ERS,playing an important role on the maintenance of ER homeostasis besides UPR.Studies have demonstrated that ERS and ERS-induced autophagy are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases.However,how ERS triggers autophagy,how autophagy feedback regulates ERS,how UPR correlates autophagy and the roles of regulatory mechanisms between each other in the development of related diseases have not been discussed and defined in detail.The comprehensive view of the correlated mechanism between ERS and autophagy is significant for elucidating the pathogenesis of related diseases.Therefore,this article reviews the relationship and regulatory mechanism between ERS and autophagy in order to provide new ideas for the research of related fields. 　　Keyword：　endoplasmic reticulum stress; unfolded protein response; autophagy;    　　内质网是真核细胞内重要的膜性细胞器,在蛋白质的合成、加工、运输,脂质的生物合成,Ca2+平衡的调节等方面发挥重要作用[1]。内质网是细胞内膜系统中蛋白质监控的一个重要环节,正确折叠的蛋白质被运输出内质网腔,错误折叠的蛋白质被保留在内质网中,最终被降解。内质网腔具有高Ca2+浓度和强氧化环境两个重要特征,前者使内质网能够调节细胞内钙稳态,后者为蛋白质