维管植物的运输.pptx

Chapter 36;;Key Concepts;;A variety of physical processes (物理過程) are involved in the different types of transport (眾 多物理過程介入或參與不同型式的運輸);Selective Permeability of Membranes: A Review膜的選擇通透性----各種膜系統;The Central Role of Proton Pumps (質子唧筒);;;Figure 36.4c;;Effects of Differences in Water Potential水勢差的效應;Osmotic pressure (滲透壓) in animal cells low osmotic pressure=low [solute]=high [water] high osmotic pressure=high [solute]=low [water] Direction of moving water low osmotic pressure=low [solute]=high [water] high osmotic pressure=high [solute]=low [water] Isotonic solution(等張溶液)、 hypertonic solution(高張溶液)、 hypotonic solution(低張溶液);;How Solutes and Pressure Affect Water Potential;Quantitative Analysis of Water Potential (水勢);;;;;;;Aquaporin Proteins and Water Transport;Three Major Compartments (區間) of Vacuolated Plant Cells;;Cell compartments (細胞間隔) ：同一細胞內;;Tissue compartments (組織間隔) ：不同細胞間;Functions of the Symplast and Apoplast in Transport;Bulk Flow in Long-Distance Transport長距離運輸的巨流;;;Lateral transport (側向運輸) of minerals and water in roots;The Roles of Root Hairs, Mycorrhizae, and Cortical Cells;;;The Endodermis: A Selective Sentry (選擇性進入);;;;Factors Affecting the Ascent of Xylem Sap;Pushing Xylem Sap: Root Pressure (根壓);;;Pulling Xylem Sap: The Transpiration-Cohesion-Tension Mechanism (拉升木質液：蒸散作用內聚力-附著力-張力的作用機制);;Cohesion and Adhesion in the Ascent of Xylem Sap (木質液上升時的凝聚力與附著力) ;水份在樹木中的上升作用;Xylem Sap Ascent by Bulk Flow: A Review;;The central role of stomata;;Effects of Transpiration on Wilting and Leaf Temperature (蒸散作用對萎凋與葉溫的影響);;Stomata: Major Pathways for Water Loss;Guard cells (保衛細胞);;Xerophyte Adaptations That Reduce Transpiration旱生植物減少蒸散作用以適應環境;;;Phloem sap (韌皮液) Is an aqueous solution that is mostly sucrose Travels from a sugar source to a sugar sink A sugar source (糖的源頭) Is a plant organ that is a net producer of sugar, such as mature leaves A sugar sink (糖的儲存區) Is an organ that is a net consumer or store of sugar, such as a tuber or bu