内容讲义suc生化课件g8 processing pre-mrna.pptVIP

The primary transcripts of eukaryotic mRNAs are often capped at the 5` end, spliced in the middle (introns removed and exons linked), polyadenylated at the 3` end. An eukaryotic mRNA precursor acquire a 5` cap shortly after transcription initiates 5` cap m7G5’ppp5’NmpN(m)p-- The terminal 5` phosphate is first removed by a phosphatase. A GMP component (from a GTP) is joined to the 5` end of the mRNA catalyzed by guanosyl transferase in a novel 5`,5`-triphosphate linkage. The guanine base is then methylated at the N-7. The 2`-OH groups of the 1st and 2nd nucleotides adjacent to the 7-methylguanine cap may also be methylated in certain organisms. The methyl groups are transferred from S-adenosyl methionine. The 5’ cap is added before synthesis of the primary transcrip is completed. Splicing can occur either before or after the cleavage and polyadenylation steps. the processes take place within the nucleus. All RNA molecules in eukaryotes are processed to some degree after they are synthesized. Intriguingly, the enzymes that catalyze these reactions sometimes consist of RNA rather than protein. The discovery of catalytic RNAs, or ribozymes, has brought a revolution in thinking about RNA function and about the origin of life. The tail consists of 80 to 250 adenylate residues. The mRNA precursors are extended beyond the site where poly(A) tail is to be added. An AAUAAA sequence was found to be present in all mRNAs and marks (together with other signals at the 3`end) the site for cleavage and poly(A) tail addition. The polyadenylate polymerase catalyzes this event. A poly(A) tail is usually added at the 3` end of an mRNA molecule via a processing step. Each gene was found to be a continuous fragment of DNA in the bacterial genome. But Berget and Sharp (1977) observed single-stranded DNA loops when examining adenovirus mRNA-DNA hybrids by electron microscopy. Such single-stranded DNA loops was widely observed when examining such RNA-DNA hybrids. Intron sequences