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2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage，butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
Thestudy,
whichfollowed
morethan2,000healthy
adults
between
theagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctionsincludingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedand
—
puzzle-solving
—startedtodullasearlyasage27.
Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generally becameapparentaroundage
37.
Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofapersonsaccumulated
knowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneral
knowledge—keptimproving withage,according tofindings published
inthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.
Theresults donotmeanthat youngadults needtostart worrying
abouttheirmemories.Mostpeoplesmindsfunctionatahighlevel
evenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothy
Salthouse.
Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibility
decreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountof
knowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwith
onesabilities ，mayincrease throughout all ofadulthood if there
arenodispases,Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandard
tests ofmemory,reasoning andperception attheoutset andatsome
pointoverthenextsevenyears.
Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle( 细微的)changesin
mentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingPuzzles,recallingwordsand
detailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsof
lettersandsymbols.
Ingeneral,
Salthouse
andhiscolleagues
found,
certain
aspects
ofcognition
(认知能力)generally
started
todecline
inthelate
20s
to30s.
Thefindings shedlight onnormalage-related changesinmental
function,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessof
dementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.
Byfollowing individuals overtime, Salthouse said, wegain
insight incognition changes,andmaypossibly discover waystoslow
therateofdecline.
Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudy
partic
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