国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Simple Circuits Part 2 - Current voltage and resistance.pptVIP

* of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 27 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Current Electrons usually drift in a random direction, but there is no net movement of charge. Current is a measure of the amount of charge moving per second. I (A) = ΔQ (C) Δt (s) Electrons flow from a circuit’s negative terminal to positive terminal. However, traditionally current is drawn flowing in the opposite direction, and this is called conventional current. When a potential difference is applied across a conductor a current is produced. This causes a net movement of charge in one direction, rather than a rapid flow. Voltage Voltage, also known as potential difference, is a measure of the energy provided to the charge carriers. It can be defined as the amount of work done per unit charge. V (V) = W (J) Q (C) Voltage is measured as a difference in potential between two points. Thus a voltmeter must be connected in parallel and used to measure the difference in potential across a device. If a cell supplies 23 coulombs of charge with 776 J of energy, what is its voltage? 776 23 V = = 33.7 V Resistance Resistance is a measure of the opposition a material exerts against the flow of electrons. R (Ω) = V (V) I (A) The resistance of a material can be calculated from the current and voltage passing through it. 9.7 V 3.2 A Resistance can also be calculated from a V/I graph. Calculate the resistance in this simple circuit. R = 9.7 3.2 = 3.0 Ω Investigating resistance Plotting the V/I graph for a resistor V I 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 3.0 voltage current resistance = 5 0.5 = 10 Ω As the graph is linear, R is constant.Therefore a resistor is an ohmic device. = gradient = Plotting the V/I graph for a bulb The graph is curved, therefore resistance is not constant. V I 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.415 0.415