01第一章 种质资源 germplasm resources 分2个知识点.pdf

Crop Breeding Chapter 1 Germplasm resources 第一章 种质资源 Crop Breeding 1.1 germplasm resources Crop Breeding Germplasm • Germplasm is essential for plant breeding. - Often the genes for a particular trait of interest are not found in adapted cultivars. • Germplasm is defined as materials of potential use in a plant breeding program that are not of themselves of immediate use as cultivars. Crop Breeding Crop Breeding Consequences of insufficient genetic diversity • Genetic vulnerability • the possibility that a crop could be susceptible to an unexpected or unforseen problem • Limitation of genetic improvement Crop Breeding Sources of genetic diversity (germplasm) • Current commercial cultivars Note permission required for patented cultivars • Obsolete commercial cultivars • Elite breeding lines • Breeding lines with superiority for one or a few traits • Landraces Crop Breeding Sources of genetic diversity (germplasm) continued Undomesticated forms • Plant introductions • Related species • Mutations • Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization Crop Breeding In cultivar development • Sources of parents in order of preference 1. Adapted cultivars and breeding lines 2. Unadapted cultivars and advanced breeding lines 3. Old cultivars and landraces 4. Closely related species 5. More distantly related species and genera