2022届高中英语语法理论+默写.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 语法理论 目录： 定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句 特殊句式 非谓语 谓语时态 介词 名词数词+独立主格+虚拟语气 情态动词 形容词副词 主谓一致 基本句型及句子种类 1.定语从句 第一部分 知识透析 第一节 定语从句的分类 定语从句按照其与先行词（即定语从句的修饰对象）的关系可以分为“限制性定语从句”和“非限制性定语从句”。 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉句子的意思就不完整，不明确或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号隔开。如： I’ve found the key that I lost yesterday. Here is the boy who damaged the vase. It happened at the time when I left. The person whom you talked to just now has come again. 非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系比较松散，只是对先行词作附加的说明，如去掉，从句的意思仍然清楚，这种从句与主句之间常用逗号隔开。如： He lives in Beijing, which is about five hours’ ride from here. I am seeing the manager tomorrow, when he will be back from New York. My cousin, who is an engineer, when to Europe last week. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 第二节 定语从句的连词 1. 关系代词与关系副词的用法 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 例句 关系代词 Who 人 主语 宾语 Do you know the cook who is working? Do you know the speaker who he has invited? whom 人 宾语 The girl whom I met is so beautiful. that 人/物 主语 宾语 表语 A rocket is a machine that can fly into the space. This is the place that I visited last year. This place is not the one that it used to be. He has changed and he is not the man that he was. which 物 主语 宾语 This is a book which tells about China. The book which you lent me last week is interesting. whose 人/物 定语 The room whose door is red is mine. The young man whose design has won the first prize is my brother. when 时间 状语 Don’t forget the day when we met here. where 地点/抽象名词 状语 This is the place where we lived last year. It got to the point where he had to leave. why Reason 状语 I don’t know the reason why he didn’t go. 注意： Which, who, whom在从句中作宾语，that在从句中作宾语/表语时常可省略，但介词提前时，不用that/who,且which，whom不可省。如: Prof. White is the man for whom I have the greatest respect. The case to which you are referring is now closed. when where = 介词+which; why = for+which 如： I shall never forget the day when we first met. I shall never forget the day on which we first met. The room where he worked is now kept in good repair. The room in which he worke