分子生物学05真核转录 .pptx

Chapter 5 . Transcription RNA Processing in Eukaryotic cells1. RNA polymerase: 3 types RNA polymerase I: in nucleolus; rRNA transcription; the most cellular RNA synthesis. Did not inhibited by a-amanitinRNA polymerase II: in nucleoplasm , heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) transcription (the precursor for mRNA). inhibited by low concentrations of a-amanitin. RNA polymerase III: a minor enzyme activity. in nucleoplasm; tRNAs and other small RNAs (5S rRNA)transcription. inhibited or not by a-amanitin. All eukaryotic RNA polymerases are large proteins, 500 kD, 8-14 subunits. RNA polymerases IIThe largest subunit has a carboxy-terminal domain (CTD), which consists of multiple repeats of a consensus sequence of 7 amino acids. The sequence is unique to RNA polymerase II. The RNA polymerase activities of mitochondria and chloroplasts are smaller, and resemble bacterial RNA polymerase. 2. Promoter RNA polymerase I promoter has two sequence components Core promoter: ~70 bp.UBF1: a single polypeptide, it binds to both regions (GC-rich), after which SL1 can bind. RNA pol I then binds to the core promoter. UBF1: SL1: 4 subunits, one subunit--TBP interacts with RNA polymerase. SL1 resembles sigma factor. RNA polymerase III has a internal promoter Deletion analysis shows that the promoter for 5S RNA genes is internal; initiation occurs a fixed distance (~55 bp) upstream of the promoter. RNA polymerase III has a internal promoter Promoters for RNA polymerase III consist of bipartite sequences: boxA separated from either boxC or boxB. Or they may consist of separated sequences upstream of the startpoint (Oct, PSE, TATA). 9、要学生做的事，教职员躬亲共做；要学生学的知识，教职员躬亲共学；要学生守的规则，教职员躬亲共守。10、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。11、一个好的教师，是一个懂得心理学和教育学的人。12、要记住，你不仅是教课的教师，也是学生的教育者，生活的导师和道德的引路人。13、He who seize the right moment, is the right man.谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。14、谁要是自己还没有发展培养和教育好，他就不能发展培养和教育别人。15、一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之计，莫如树木；终身之计，莫如树人。16、提出一个问题往往比解决一个更重要。因为解决问题也许仅是一个数学上或实验上的技能而已，而提出新的问题，却需要有创造性的想像力，而且标志着科学的真正进步。17、儿童是中心，教育的措施