广义逆矩阵性质及其应用及贵阳餐饮业发展现状及对策研究——以自助餐饮业为例.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计） 题目： 广义逆矩阵性质及其应用 学 院 数学与统计学院 学科门类 理 学 专 业 数学与应用数学 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 20**年 5月 29 日 摘 要 作为数学的一个重要分支，矩阵理论有着悠久的发展历史和极其丰富的内容.作为一种基本的数学工具，矩阵理论在数学学科与其他很多科学技术理论上有着广泛的运用.而本文所要介绍的广义逆矩阵则又是矩阵理论的一个重要分支.我们知道逆矩阵的概念只是对可逆矩阵才有意义.但在实际问题中，遇到的矩阵不一定是方阵，即便是方阵也不一定可逆，这就需要考虑，可否将逆矩阵的概念进一步推广.从而，我们也就引出了广义逆矩阵的概念.由于广义逆矩阵在数理统计、系统理论、优化计算、和控制论等许多领域中的重要应用逐渐被人们所认识，因而大大推动了对广义逆矩阵的理论与应用的研究，使得这一学科得到迅速发展.本文着重于介绍矩阵的Penrose广义逆矩阵的概念、性质，及广义逆矩阵的一些应用. 关键词：Penrose广义逆矩阵；广义逆矩阵性质；广义逆矩阵应用. Abstract As an important branch of mathematics, matrix theory has a long history and a very rich content. As a basic mathematical tool, matrix theory that in mathematics and many other science has a broad application.The generalized inverse matrix that is introduced in this paper is an important branch of matrix theory. We know that the concept of inverse just makes sense to matrix of reversible. But in practical problems, matrix encountered is not equal to a square, square is not equal to reversible, which need to be considered, whether it would be further promoted to the concept of inverse matrix. So we leads to the concept of generalized inverse matrix. Since the generalized inverse matrix is gradually recognized in mathematical statistics, system theory, optimization, and control on many other important areas of application, thus we greatly promote the study of the theory and application of generalized inverse matrix, so that this discipline rapid develop.This article focuses on some applications, the article describes nature, and the generalized inverse matrix Penrose generalized inverse matrix. Keywords:Penrose generalized inverse matrix; generalized inverse matrix properties; generalized inverse matrix applications. 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 摘 要 I Abstract II 1 引 言 1 2 广义逆矩阵及其分类 2 3 广义逆矩阵的性质 3 4 广义逆矩阵的应用 9 4.1相容方程组的通解 9 4.2相容方程组的最小范数解 10 4.3不相容线性方程组的最小二乘解 11 4.4不相容线性方程组的极小最小二乘解