主动语态和被动语态.docxVIP

主动语态和被动语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态和被动语态 一．语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态。 如：We speak Chinese in China.在中国我们说汉语。 如果主语是动作的承受者 ，则用被动语态。 如：Chinese is spoken by us in China.在中国汉语被我们说。 二、主动语态改成被动语态方法 1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语; 2. 谓语动词变为be+及物动词的过去分词，并通过be的变化来表达 出不同的时态; 3 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略); 例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week . 三、被动语态在各种时态中的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去 分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 4 过去完成时的被动语态，had been +动词过去分词。 The workers woke up to find that work had been done overnight. 工人醒来后发现工作已经被连夜干完。 He said that he wouldnt go to the opening ceremony because he hadnt been invited.他说过他不会参加开幕式，因为他没被邀请。 5 将来完成时的被动语态，will have been+动词过去分词。 By the end of next year, many more high-rises will have been built around there.到明年年底的时候，这里会建立起更多的高楼。 All the housework will have been finished before my mother comes back.在我妈回来之前，所有的家务都会被干完 6 .一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Many more trees will be planted next year. 7 过去将来时的被动，would be +动词过去分词。 We were told that their wedding would be held in the church. 我们被告知他们的婚礼将在教堂举行。 We heard that the exam results would be announced the next week. 我们听说考试结果将在下周宣布。 8. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过 去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. → My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 9 过去进行时的被动语态，was(were) being+动词过去分词。 Two of the glasses were broken when they were being washed. 在清洗时，有两只玻璃杯被打碎了。 We had to take another way because the road was being repaired. 我们不得不改道，因为那条路正在被修理。 10含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. 11不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题