普通心理学13心理压力与健康.pptxVIP

Chapter 12;疾病/健康病源学的转变;心身病（蔡能等，1985);病源分析（蔡能等，1985）;Health psychology;Nature of stress;Frustration ;Conflict——two or more incompatible motivations;conflicts;conflicts;Change:have to change ;Social readjustment rating scale;学生压力量表(Holmes and Raber);Pressure: expectation to behave in certain ways;国内研究;Responding to stress;Figure 13.4 Overview of the stress process.?A potentially stressful event, such as a major exam, elicits a subjective appraisal of how threatening the event is. If the event is viewed with alarm, the stress may trigger emotional, psychological, and behavioral reactions, as people’s response to stress is multidimensional.;Responding to stress: emotional responses; Emotional responses;Emotional response to stress;Effects of emotional arousal;Figure 13.5 Arousal and performance. Graphs of the relationship between emotional arousal and task performance tend to resemble an inverted U, as increased arousal is associated with improved performance up to a point, after which higher arousal leads to poorer performance. The optimal level of arousal for a task depends on the complexity of the task. On complex tasks, a relatively low level of arousal tends to be optimal. On simple tasks, however, performance may peak at a much higher level of arousal.;Physiological Responses Fight-or-flight response。 W. Cannon(1932):cats与dogs的实验；result:increased in breathing and heart rate and decreased in digestive processes。 现代生活与应激的生理反应； ;Hans Selye：General Adaptation Syndrome; 一般适应症候群和慢性应激; 一般适应症候群的三个阶段;Brain-body pathways（Felker Hubbard, 1998);Figure 13.6 Brain-body pathways in stress.?In times of stress, the brain sends signals along two pathways. The pathway through the autonomic nervous system controls the release of catecholamine hormones that help mobilize the body for action. The pathway through the pituitary gland and the endocrine system controls the release of corticosteroid hormones that increase energy and ward off tissue inflammation(Felker Hubbard, 1998) .; 应