金融市场与金某地产新(ppt46).pptxVIP

;目 錄 ;壹、金融市場簡介一、金融市場結構的疑點;1.初級與次級市場 2.店頭與交易所市場 3.現貨市場與衍生性證券市場;三、逆選擇與金融市場結構 1. Lemons Problem in Securities Markets 1.If can’t distinguish between good and bad securities, one only pays their average value. 2.Result: Good securities undervalued and firms won’t issue them; bad securities overvalued so too many issued. 3.Investors don’t want to buy bad securities, and market don’t function well. ;2. Tools to Help Solve Adverse Selection(Lemons) Problem (1). Private production and sale of information Free-rider problem interferes with this solution (2). Government Regulation to Increase Information (3). Financial Intermediation Analogy to solving lemons problem provided by used car dealers By making private loans, avoid free-rider problem (4). Collateral and Net Worth ;四、道德危險及其解決 1.權益市場的道德危險及其解決 (1) 主人代理人問題 1.Result of separation of ownership by stockholders (principals) from control by managers (agents) 2.Managers act in own rather than stockholders’ interest (2) 解決之道 1.Monitoring: production of information 2.Government regulation to increase information 3.Financial intermediation 4.Debt contracts ;2.債權市場的道德危險及其解決 (1)借款人想要承擔更多風險 (2)解決之道 1.Net Worth 2.Monitoring and Enforcement of Restrictive Covenants 3. Banks have special advantages in monitoring ; 貳、現貨市場一、股票市場簡介; 1.股市與系統風險 (1) 資產風險 = 系統性風險 + 非系統性風險 (2) 良好分散的投資組合風險僅決定於 組合內資產的系統性風險 ; Capital-Asset-Pricing Model 1. Risk Premium = Re – Rf = ?[Rem – Rf] 2. ??? implies risk premium ? ; Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) Several sources of systematic risk related to economy-wide factors Risk Premium =Re – Rf = ?1(Refactor 1 – Rf) + ?2(Refactor 2 – Rf ) + ?3(Refactor 3 – Rf )+…;4.證交稅與股市漲跌幅個案研討; Simple Loan (2) Fixed Payment Loan (3) Coupon Bond (4) Discount Bond; 說明: (1)Simple Loan (i = 10%) (2)Fixed Payment Loan (i = 12%) FP FP