基础统计学简介(英文版).pptxVIP

Chapter 1Chapter OneWhat is Statistics?GOALSWhen you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:ONEUnderstand why we study statistics.TWOExplain what is meant by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.THREEDistinguish between a qualitative variable and a quantitative variable.FOUR Distinguish between a discrete variable and a continuous variable.FIVEDistinguish among the nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement.SIXDefine the terms mutually exclusive and exhaustive.Why study statistics?Numerical info is everywhereBut how do we know if conclusions reported are accurate?Statistical techniques are used to make decisions that affect our livesThis is why younger people pay more for insurance…Knowledge of statistical methods at least helps you understand why decisions are made In future you will make decisions that involve dataWhat is Meant by Statistics?In common usage statistics refers to numerical information….. But in this course the term has a wider meaning…. Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions. Who Uses Statistics? Statistical techniques are used extensively by managers in marketing, accounting, quality control, consumers, professional sports people, hospital administrators, educators, politicians, physicians, gamblers, etc...Types of Statistics Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.EXAMPLE 1: A Gallup poll found that 49% of the people in a survey knew the name of the first book of the Bible. The statistic 49 describes the number out of every 100 persons who knew the answer.Types of Statistics Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.EXAMPLE 2: According to Consumer Reports, General Electric washing machine owners reported 9 problems per 100 machines during 2002. The statistic 9 describes the n