碟形橡胶准零刚度隔振器的设计和特性分析.docxVIP

碟形橡胶准零刚度隔振器的设计和特性分析 Design and Analysis of a Disc Rubber Vibration Isolator with Quasizerostiffness Characteristic XU Daolin, ZHOU Jie, ZHOU Jiaxi , ZHANG Jing (State Key Laboratory of Advaneed Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body. Hunan Univ, Cha ngsha, Hun an*****, China) Abstract： A disc rubber vibration isolator with quasizero stiffness (QZS) was designed, and the characteristics of vibration isolation were studied? The QZS isolator was devised by assembling a reinforced disc rubber with negative stiffness in parallel with a vertical rubber cylinder with positive stiffness. By using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the geometrical parameters of the rein forced disc rubber and the vertical rubber cylinder were achieved to ensure that the isolators stiffness is close to zero at the static equilibrium position. And then, the characteristics of restoring force were an a lyzed, and the expression of restoring force was given as a polynomial only having cubic item by fitting the FEA simulations data. Moreover, the equation of motion of the vibration isolation system was obtained, and the isolation performance was evaluated theoretically based on Harmonic Bala need method, which was compared with that by using dynamic FEA. The results have shown that the QZS isolator significantly outperforms the correspond!ng linear one. Keywords： quasizerostiffness； disc rubber； vibration isolator； lowfrequency vibration isolation 目前低频隔振仍是振动工程领域一大研究热点和难点.隔振的方 式主要有被动隔振和主动隔振之分，由于主动隔振结构复杂，成木高, 目前应用较少，譬如主动悬架主要应用于高档汽车，所以被动隔振是 常见的隔振方法.由隔振理论可知，当激励频率大于系统固有频率的 KKF （》2 KKFH倍时，系统开始隔振.因此，固有频率越低，隔振系 统隔振频带越宽.系统刚度越小，固有频率越低，但是静位移越大，所 以一般被动隔振会遇到隔振频带越宽则稳定性越差的矛盾.而准零刚 度系统可以实现在静平衡位置附近的动刚度小，静位移也小的目标. 准零刚度的实现一般是通过正刚度和负刚度的并联，其典型的设 计形式是用线性的竖直弹簧和两根斜弹簧并联来实现［1, 2, 3］?其他 方法有：利用空气弹簧实现准零刚度；利用受轴压的梁和正刚度弹簧 组合；利用具有软弹簧特性的高度变形的挤压环［6, 7］；利用磁铁或 电磁铁提供负刚度［8, 9］；采用6根杆与1根拉簧组合；利用凸轮滚 轮弹簧机构提供负刚度；Zhou通过磁铁弹簧与机械弹簧并联实现了 高静刚度低动刚度，并通过实验验证了其隔振效果. 上述空气弹簧与电磁铁准零刚度隔振器方案等存在体积大，难以 实现工程化等缺点，而其他的像凸轮KCD*23滚轮KCD*2』弹簧机构 也是原理性的验证，在紧凑性上有所缺陷.木文提出