大一下学习新建西方文明史chapter5the high middle ages new.pptx

CHAPTER 5;本章重点;Monks at Chartres Cathedra Medieval Monasticism Cluny Abbey克吕尼修道院 The DUOMO MILANO　意大利米兰大教堂 Jean de Chelles, Rose Window, Notre Dame Not Pope nor King is immune from the ravage of Death Investiture Controversy The Concordat of Worms沃尔姆斯宗教协定 Crusaders take Jerusalem Crusaders expelled from Holy Land, 1291 Ghetto Medieval plowing Harvest: Better agriculture produced more food Cities were rebuilt The towns were centers of commerce Knight on charger Code of chivalry Medieval romance NOTRE DAME　法国巴黎圣母院 DOM KOLN　德国科隆大教堂; ;HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;Feudalism : feudum (Latin)---a grant of land Mainly a system of land holding — a system of holding land in exchange for military service. freeman, serfs, fiefs, vassals, feudal manors, chivalry ;Freemen: to seek the protection of large land-owners the people of small farms or land gave their farms and land to large land-owners they still had freedom Serfs people from towns and cities did not possess farms or land. They had nothing but their freedom to be given to large land-owners they lost their freedom for protection ;Fiefs The ruler of the government redivided the large lands into small pieces. to be given to chancellors or soldiers as a reward for their service. The subdivisions were called fiefs. Vassals The owners of the fiefs a form of local and decentralized government ; The centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. Made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles. Bourgeois: people living in the castles;It developed out of the latifundia大农场主system that existed in the late Roman Empire Labor was performed by peasant serfs Early Medieval serfs did not have freedom. Early Medieval serfs had an impoverished existence. Life on the Manor was Communal ;The Feudal System;THE MIDDLE AGES——AGE OF FAITH 1. There was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe