克鲁格曼《国际经济学》第八版课后答案(英文)-ch10.docVIP

PAGE 44Krugman/Obstfeld?International Economics: Theory and Policy, Eighth Edition Chapter 10Trade Policy in Developing Countries PAGE 43 Chapter 10Trade Policy in Developing Countries nChapter Organization Import-Substituting Industrialization The Infant Industry Argument Promoting Manufacturing through Protectionism Case Study: Mexico Abandons Import-Substituting Industrialization Results of Favoring Manufacturing: Problems of Import-Substituting Industrialization Trade Liberalization Since 1985 Export-Oriented Industrialization: The East Asian Miracle The Facts of Asian Growth Trade Policy in the HPAEs Industrial Policy in the HPAEs Box: India’s Boom Other Factors in Growth Summary nChapter Overview The final two chapters on international trade, Chapters 10 and 11, discuss trade policy considerations in the context of specific issues. Chapter 10 focuses on the use of trade policy in developing countries and Chapter 11 focuses on new controversies in trade policy. While there is great diversity among the developing countries, they share some common policy concerns. These include the development of domestic manufacturing industries, the uneven degree of development within the country, and the desire to foster economic growth and improve living standards. This chapter discusses both the successful and unsuccessful trade policy strategies which have been applied by developing countries in attempts to address these concerns. Many developing countries pose the creation of a significant manufacturing sector as a key goal of economic development. One commonly voiced argument for protecting manufacturing industries is the infant industry argument, which states that developing countries have a potential comparative advantage in manufacturing and can realize that potential through an initial period of protection. This argument assumes market failure in the form of imperfect capital markets or the existence of externalities in production. Such a market failure makes the