初中英语被动语态.pdfVIP

一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式 ,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系 .英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者 （或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的 . 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 ,即行为动作的对象 .eg：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者 . 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词构成 .人称、 数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的 .(被动语态 的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成 .) 各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时： am/is/are ＋及物动词的过去分词 Im asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时： was/were ＋及物动词的过去分词 This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时： will/shall be ＋及物动词的过去分词 More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时： am/is/are being ＋及物动词的过去分词 . A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时： was/were being ＋及物动词的过去分词 he meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时： have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词 His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时： had been + 及物动词的过去分词 A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 +be+及物动词的过去分词 The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、被动语态的基本用法 一般来说 ,在我们日常生活中 ,能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态 .只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态： 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁 . 1).Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 . 2).This bridge was founded in 1981. 这座桥竣工于 1981 年 . 3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天 ,教室的前窗被打 2.没不要说出动作的执行者是谁 . 1).The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了 2).China was founded in 1949. 3. 不愿意说出动作的执行者 ,其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等 .在这种情况下 ,有时常用一些句式 ,如 It is said that …（据说…… ）,It is reported