江苏省高考英语二轮专用题型组合练（4）含解析.docVIP

精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 最新 精品 Word 欢迎下载 可修改 精品 Word 可修改 欢迎下载 题型组合练(四) Ⅰ.阅读理解——科普知识 (2021·通、扬、泰、淮高三三模) Larger brain size linked to longer life in deer The size of a female animals brain may determine whether they live longer and have more healthy offspring(后代)，according to a new research led by the University of Cambridge. The study，published in the RoyalSocietyOpenScience journal，shows that female red deer with larger brains live longer and have more surviving offspring than those with smaller brains.Brain size is passed down through the generations.This is the first extensive study of individual differences in brain size in wild mammals and draws on data comparing seven generations of deer. Across species of mammals，brain size varies widely.This is thought to be a consequence of specific differences in the benefits and costs of a larger brain.Mammals with larger brains may，for example，have greater cognitive abilities that enable them to adapt better to environmental changes or they may have longer lifespans(寿命)．But there may also be disadvantages: for instance，larger brains require more energy，so individuals that possess them may show reduced fertility(繁殖力)． The researchers，based at the University of Cambridges Zoology Department and Edinburgh Universitys Institute of Evolutionary Biology，wanted to test if they could find more direct genetic or nongenetic evidence of the costs and benefits of large brain size by comparing the longevity(长寿)and survival of individuals of the same species with different sized brains.Using the skulls of 1，314 wild red deer whose life histories and breeding success had been monitored in the course of a long-term study on the Isle of Rum，they found that females with larger endocranial volumes(脑腔容量)lived longer and produced more surviving offspring in the course of their lives. Lead author Dr Corina Logan，a Gates Cambridge Scholar，says，“The reasons for the association between brain size and longevity are not known，but other studies