戴炜栋《简明语言学教程》配套笔记_自己整理版.pdfVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction What is linguistics? 什么是语言学 [A] The definition of linguistics 对语言进行的科学研究 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language ( ) Process of linguistic study: ① Certain linguistic facts are observed, generalization are formed; ② Hypotheses are formulated; ③ Hypotheses are tested by further observations; ④ A linguistic theory is constructed. 普通语言学 从整体研究 [B] The scope of linguistics General linguistics : the study of language as a whole 1.Phonetics: the general study of the characteristics of speech sounds (or the study of the phonic medium of language) (How speech sounds are produced and classified) 2.Phonology : is essentially the description of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language.(How sounds form systems and function to convey meaning) 3.Morphology : the study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words (how morphemes are combined to form words) 4.Syntax : the study of those rules that govern the combination of words to form permissible sentences (how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences) 5.Semantics: the study of meaning in abstraction 6.Pragmatics : the study of meaning in context of use Sociolinguistics: the study of language with reference to society Psycholinguistics: the study of language with reference to the workings of the mind Applied linguistics: the application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning Anthropological linguistics, neurological linguistics; mathematical linguistics; mathematical linguistics; computational lingui