#40;课件#41;#x2d;兽医生理学第一讲代谢（metabolism）与生物能量学（.pptx

酎、、，J 亠 j — / I 一SL 夂一 口，J知識進食，必然發生營養不良，而成為貧瘠 的一代（無論是思想或作為）。以生理學而言，它戶斤包容的正常生命現象極其廣大；一旦它發生異常就必須以許多知言哉互才目酉己合才能將之探討清楚。這也就是說：並非依仗病理學就能詮釋異常的生命現象，此時必須力口入臨床病理學、免疫學…甚至藥 理學的團隊合作才行o Jwiri. vUTn這也京尤是諾貝爾醫學獎的主題強調的是醫學 暨生理學；但事實上，許多獲獎的生理學家 往往在研究上已跨入了病理學（病理特性）、 免疫學（抗病機轉）及藥理孥（受納器）等多樣 今頁域O獸醫生理學第一講代謝(metabolism)與生物能量學(bioenergics)（參考：獸醫解剖生理學（中）pp.99?102）Definitions of the metabolism / internal respiration1 .The utilization of nutrients by the cell, consisting essentially of oxidation of carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and water with the release of ENERGY.------This is not like burning but is slow, controlled, stepwise process.* Oxidation not only includes the addition of oxygen but also refers to the removal of hydrogen / electrons.2.Metabolism refers to the sum of the biochemical reacticms occurring in each celLThose reactions that build and maintain the body through energy formation are called anabolic (1) and those reactions that release energy by the breakdown of substances are called catabolic (2).* (1 )The animals obtain this energy directly if they areherbivorous, or indirectly if they arecarnivorous.* (2)This energy is temporarily stored in the form of so-called high energy bonds, which link phosphorus andoxygen atoms in adenosine triphosphate (ATP).。Nutrition and Growth經由代謝的程序，將取得的營養轉化爲生長所需。（一）能量：能的釋放可用以產生或維持滲透性、電性或化學性 梯度（gradient或濃度concentration），或用以形成新的 化學鍵；館的產生則源自相關細胞內有機化合物的 鍵裂（breaking of bonds） , （見二。）（二）生長：使動物存活（alive）且維持其生產（production）正性平衡：repletion 一 storage - growth— hypertrophy(cell) \ hyperplasia（負性平衡）一。Nutrition and Growth（continue）（三）代謝運轉：能量平衡能量的命運：熱（附加熱、燃燒熱）、化學能能量的測定：直接鄭法?WW間接測熱法■測定氧的利用（呼吸商R.Q.）二 ° Further explanation of the relationship of cell and energyl.Cell can obtain the energy(1) 能量非源自創造，而是由一種chemicals移轉爲另一種currency。(2) 它的最佳受質(substrate)是glucose與fatty acid*它們並不是被用來製成ATP，而是在涉及之化學反應中， 將ADP轉化爲ATP，最後再將能量移轉出來。2.Cell can store the energy(1 )ATP是一個高堤勢(high bank balance):可直接釋出能量(2)ADP是一個低堤勢(low bank balance):必需先加高(賦予能量)成爲ATP之後，才能作出進一步之釋能行爲。° Further explanatio