材料力学第七节应力状态分析.pdfVIP

Chapter 7 Analysis of Stress State 7-1 Introduction In the first part of this chapter, a formal treatment for changing the components of the state of stress given in one set of coordinate axes to any other set of rotated axes is discussed. The criteria for the onset of yield or the occurrence of fracture is treated in the second part. 1.Stress Tensor 用无限小的3组相互垂直的平行平面截取构件所得到的小 立方体称为单元体（element slice) 。作用其上的应力如图所 示。 Matrix representation of the stress components: 由于τi,j 两下 标的任意性(i,j =x, y, z) ，要完整 描述一点的应力需要9个分量。 因此，应力分量（stress components ）可表示为如下的 张量形式： 2. State of stress The two-dimensional stress shown in the figure is referred to as plane stress. In matrix representation such a stress can be written as ⎛σ τ 0⎞ ⎜ x ⎟ ⎜ τ σy 0 ⎟ ⎜⎝ 0 0 0⎠⎟ x,y,z坐标是任意选择的直角坐标系. 当用其 它一组坐标系表示同一点的应力状态时, 称作Stress transformation. 可以证明, 总 有一组坐标, 使得一点的应力张量表示为 如下形式: ⎛σ 0 0 ⎞ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 0 σ 0 ⎟ 2 ⎜ 0 0 σ ⎟ ⎝ 3 ⎠ This state of stress is said to be : triaxial. When σ=0, the state of stress is said to be : biaxial. 3 When σ=0, σ=0, the state of stress is said to be : Uniaxial. 2 3 7-2 Transformation of stress in two-dimensional problems y 1. The basic problem τ =-τ