中文专业毕业论文论自然语言量化结构的单调推理关系.pdfVIP

论自然语言量化结构的单调推理关系 On Monotonic Inferential Relationships of Quantified Structures in Natural Language 论文摘要 本文把「广义量词理论」的理论框架扩大应用于自然语言的多种量化结构， 借助集合论、三分结构、可能世界理论、模糊数学以及逻辑学、数学和形式语义 学的其他理论工具，对传统逻辑研究的某些课题，如对当方阵和三段论推理提供 了数学解释，并把它们与「广义量词理论」研究的单调推理统一起来。透过对对 当方阵和单调推理的深入研究，本文取得两个有广泛应用的重要结果－「对当方 阵一般模式」和「单调推理原理」。除了简单句外，本文亦把研究结果推广应用 于含有多个量词／算子的句子以及某些并列结构和焦点结构，以解释及解决自然 语言的某些语义／逻辑疑难问题。 ABSTRACT This study extends the scope of the generalized quantifier theory (GQT) to various quantified structures in natural language. By using set theory, tripartite structure, possible worlds theory, fuzzy mathematics and other conceptual tools in logic, mathematics and formal semantics, certain concepts studied by traditional logic such as the square of opposition and syllogism are given a mathematical interpretation and are unified with the monotonic inferences studied by GQT. Through thorough studies of the square of opposition and monotonic inferences, two important results with wide applications – the “General Pattern of Squares of Opposition” and the “Principle of Monotonic Inferences”, are generated. Apart from simple sentences, these results are also extended and applied to sentences with more than one quantifier / operator as well as some coordinate structures and focus constructions to explain and resolve certain semantic / logical problems pertaining to natural language. 目录 1. 引言 8 2. 本文的主旨和研究方法 11 3. 基本定义 13 3.1 广义量词 13 3.2 三分结构