英语句子期末考试.doc

Unit1 (1)Ozone is a gas that occurs both in the Earths upper atmosphere and at ground level.Ozone can begoodor badfor your health and the environment,depending on its location in the atmosphere. 臭氧是一种发生在地球的上层大气和地面之间的一种气体.臭氧对人们的健康和环境是好还是坏的，这取决于它在大气中的位置。 （2）Ozone occurs in two layers of the atmosphere. The layer closest to the EEarths surface is the troposphere. Here, ground-level orbad ozone is an air pollutant that is harmful to breathe and it damages crops,trees and other vegetation. lt is a main ingredient of urban smog. The troposphere generally extends to a level about 6 miles up,where it meets the second layer,the stratosphere. The stratosphere orgood ozone layer extends upward from about 6 to 30 miles and protects life on Earth from the ssuns harmful ultraviolet(UV)rays. 臭氧发生在大气的两层.离地表最近的是对流层.在这里，地面或“坏的”臭氧是一种有害呼吸的空气污染物，它会损害农作物，树林和其他植被.它的主要成分是城市烟雾.烟雾通常延伸到6英里的高空，在那里与第二层平流层相遇.平流层或“良好”臭氧向上延伸6到30英里，保护地球上的生命免受太阳有害紫外线的危害。 （3）Ozone is produced naturally in the stratosphere. But this good ozone is gradually being destroyed by man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances(ODS),including chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs), halons, methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. These substances were formerly used and sometimes still are used in coolants, foaming agents, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. Once released into the air these ozone-depleting substances degrade very slowly. 臭氧是自然在平流层中产生的.但好的臭氧正在被人造化学逐渐破坏，消耗臭氧的物质包括氯氟碳化合物，氢氯氟碳化合物,哈龙，甲基溴，四氢化碳，和甲基氢仿。这些物质以前被使用于冷却剂、发泡剂、灭火器、溶剂、杀虫剂和气溶胶推进剂。这些消耗臭氧的物质一但释放到空气中，就会非常缓慢的降解。 （4）Ground-level or bad ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but is created by chemical reactions between oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the presence of sunlight. Emissions from industrial facilities and electrio utilities, motor vehicle exhaust, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are some of the majer sources of NOx and