LCA没美国钢产品的生命周期评价.pptx

D r a f tLife Cycle AssessmentA product-oriented methodfor sustainability analysisUNEP LCA Training KitModule b – Overview of LCAD r a f tContentsWhat is LCA?Why LCA?The ISO 14040 frameworkGoal and scope definitionInventory analysisImpact assessmentInterpretationWhat is LCA? (1)Officially:Life Cycle AssessmentHere confined to:quantitative environmental Life Cycle Assessment of productsenvironmental Life Cycle Assessment quantitative productsWhat is LCA? (2)At least three different meanings:LCA as a field of studyLCA as a techniqueLCA as a specific studyWhat is LCA? (3)Basically: tool for decision-supportcomputational aspectswhich datawhich modelswhich formulasprocedural aspectswho to involvehow to reporthow to useWhat is LCA? (4)ISO-standardised procedure (ISO 14040, created in 1997-2000; revised in 2006)Structured framework: four phasesRules, requirements and considerations specifiedSpecific data and calculation steps not specifiedMuch attention for transparency in reportingISO 14040 framework (1)Source: ISO 14040D r a f tISO 14040 framework (2)ISO: Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycleInternational Standard ISO 14040complementary International Standards ISO 14041, 14042, 14043no Technical Report to 14040, but Technical Reports to 14041 and 1404214044 merges the revised 14040-14043 (2006)Why LCA? (1)Why a product-oriented information tool?Increased attention for product policyseveral national policy plansEU’s Integrated Product PolicyUNEP’s International Declaration on Cleaner Productionetc.Influence consumption and production patternsclean(er) productionecolabelproduct stewardshipetc.Why LCA? (2)Why an integrated information tool?Prevent problem shiftingto other life cycle stagesto other substancesto other environmental problemsto other countriesto the futureWhy LCA? (3)Why a method?To structure the large amount of complex dataTo facilitate comparisons across product