《基础物理学》电子教案 哈里德 HR37_ver1.pptVIP

Chapter 37 Relativity is an important subject that looks at the measurement of where and when events take place, and how these events are measured in reference frames that are moving relative to one another. In this Chapter we will explore with the special theory of relativity (which we will refer to simply as relativity), which only deals with inertial reference frames (where Newtons laws are valid). The general theory of relativity looks at the more challenging situation where reference frames undergo gravitational acceleration. In 1905, Albert Einstein stunned the scientific world by introducing two simple postulates with which he showed that the old, common-sense ideas about relativity are wrong. Although Einsteins ideas seem strange and counter-intuitive, e.g., rate at which time passes depends on the speed of reference frame, these ideas have not only been validated by experiment, they are being used in modern technology, e.g., global positioning satellites. ;The Postulates;Fig. 37-2;If speed of light is same for all inertial reference frames, then speed of light emitted by a source (pion, p0) moving relative to a given frame (for example, a laboratory) should be the same as the speed light that is emitted by a source that is at rest in the laboratory). 1964 experiment at CERN (European particle physics lab): Pionsc with respect to the laboratory decay, emitting two photons (g). The speed of the light waves (g-rays) emitted by the pions was measured always to be c in the lab frame (not up to 2c!)→same as if pions were at rest in the lab frame!;Measuring an Event;Sam observes two independent events (event Red and event Blue) occurring at the same time, Sally, who is running a a constant speed with respect to Sam also observes these two events. Does Sally also find that the events occurred at the same time?;37-;The Relativity of Time;The Relativity of Time, contd;Lorentz