《基础物理学》电子教案 哈里德 HR36_ver1c.pptVIP

Chapter 36 In Chapter 35, we saw how light beams passing through different slits can interfere with each other and how a beam after passing through a single slit flares-diffracts- in Youngs experiment. Diffraction through a single slit or past either a narrow obstacle or an edge produces rich interference patterns. The physics of diffraction plays an important role in many scientific and engineering fields. In this chapter we explain diffraction using the wave nature of light and discuss several applications of diffraction in science and technology. ;Diffraction Pattern from a single narrow slit.;When the path length difference between rays r1 and r2 is l/2, the two rays will be out of phase when they reach P1 on the screen, resulting in destructive interference at P1. The path length difference is the distance from the starting point of r2 at the center of the slit to point b. For Da, the path length difference between rays r1 and r2 is (a/2) sin q. ;Repeat previous analysis for pairs of rays, each separated by a vertical distance of a/2 at the slit. Setting path length difference to l/2 for each pair of rays, we obtain the first dark fringes at:;Fig. 36-6;Here we will show that the intensity at the screen due to a single slit is:;If we divide slit into infinitesimally wide zones Dx, the arc of the phasors approaches the arc of a circle. The length of the arc is Em. f is the difference in phase between the infinitesimal vectors at the left and right ends of the arc. f is also the angle between the 2 radii marked R.;Diffraction by a Circular Aperture;Rayleigh’s Criterion: two point sources are barely resolvable if their angular separation qR results in the central maximum of the diffraction pattern of one source’s image is centered on the first minimum of the diffraction pattern of the other source’s image.;Double slit experiment described in Ch. 35 where assumed that the slit width al. What if this is not the case?