地理信息系统gis.pptxVIP

会计学;章节;教材及参考资料;考核办法;Geographic Information System GIS;Geographic Information System GIS;intuitive description;System: A group of elements organized in such a way that every element is to some degree interdependent (directly or indirectly) with every other element. ex) Ecosystem, Transportation System, Manufacturing System ;Information: -. Data vs. Information -. Data: acquisition through direct observation or survey -. Information: the data become information when interpreted in some meaningful way;Information System: Database System, Data Processing System -. Designed to input data, store it, manage it, process it, and output it in the form of meaningful information Geographic Information System: A computer-based information system that enables capture, storage, retrieval, sharing, manipulation, analysis, modeling, and presentation of geographically referenced data.;Geographic Information System GIS;“A computer system for collecting, checking, integrating and analyzing information related to the surface of the earth.” (Rhind,1988);Set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will, transforming and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes (Burrough, 1986 );Geographic Information System GIS;Advantages of GIS;(dis)Advantages of GIS;Geographic Information System GIS;Geographic Information System GIS;Geographic Information System GIS;Geographic Information System GIS;2.2 Map features;? Point (for example, a cross symbol to represent a church). ? Line (for example, a yellow line to represent a road). ? Polygon shape or area (for example, a blue area to represent a lake). ? Text (for example, the name of a building).;How is map information translated into digital form and read by a computer? The GIS must be able to store information about: The geometry: the shape and location of the objects. The attributes: the descriptive information known about the objects, normally displayed on a map through symbology and annotati