动物生理学件三.pptxVIP

会计学;二、神经肌肉间兴奋传递的特点;3.2 终板电位与小终板电位;小终板电位：肌纤维处于静息状态，终板区记录到一系列微小间歇小电位。（全或无的去极化);3.3 去极化-释放耦联;突触囊泡的动员、停靠、着位、融合和胞吐;3.4 逆转电位;●作用方式：受体与ACh结合 内部变构作用 通道开放—钠钾跨膜扩散 终板膜出现电位波动，完成信息传递。;递质失活和药理作用;运动神经末梢传来AP 激活膜上钙离子通道, 钙离子内流 引发末梢中囊泡出胞 ACh释放扩散 ACh与后膜上受体结合 激活受体的离子通道 终板电位 引发肌膜产生AP AChE分解ACh ;化学性传递和神经纤维传导的区别;图3-2 神经肌肉接点的结构;第13页/共27页;第14页/共27页;第15页/共27页;第16页/共27页;蛙的神经肌肉接点处;第18页/共27页;第19页/共27页;第20页/共27页;引自《分子神经生物学》，陈宜张主编;（Nature Rev Mol Cell Biol,2001,2:98-106）;Figure 1 Synaptic vesicle life cycle. The synaptic vesicle life cycle begins with the synthesis of vesicle-associated proteins in the cell body (step 1), followed by targeting to synaptic terminals (step 2). At the terminal, the vesicle undergoes a maturation process involving membrane fusion and endocytosis before neurotransmitter is actively transported across the membrane (step 3). A reserve pool of vesicles is tethered to the cytoskeleton (step 4).Mobilization (step 5) from the cytoskeleton is followed by vesicle docking (step 6), which consists of the approach of the vesicle toward the active zone plasma membrane and the formation of protein complexes linking the two membranes. Exocytosis requires an ATP-dependent priming reaction (step 7) as a prerequisite for Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion (step 8). Following release of the neurotransmitter, vesicle membrane and protein constituents are recycled via endocytosis, mediated at least in part by clathrin coats (step 9).Recycled vesicles shed their coats, then can directly reuptake neurotransmitter (10a) or first pass through recycling endosomes (10b) before undergoing the next round of exocytosis. ;第24页/共27页;第25页/共27页;第26页/共27页;第27页/共27页;二、神经肌肉间兴奋传递的特点;3.3 去极化-释放耦联;第13页/共27页;第20页/共27页;第25页/共27页