西方翻译理论简介.pptVIP

2021/9/12 * What Fawcett describes as the heroic age of linguistically oriented translation studies extends from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s (Fawcett 1997: Foreword). Particular mention should be made of the work of J.C. Catford (1965) and Katharina Reiss (1989). These extremely valuable studies focused on the word, phrase or sentence level. 2021/9/12 * a list of great theorists Roman Jakobson (雅可布逊) （布拉格学派） John Catford (卡特福德) （伦敦学派） Peter Newmark (纽马克) Eugene A Nida (奈达) Wolfram Wilss (威尔斯) 2021/9/12 * 卡特福德 A Linguistic Theory of Translation 运用Halliday的“阶和范畴语法”（Scale ad Category Grammar） 一. 翻译的性质 二. 翻译的类别 三. 翻译的对等问题 2021/9/12 * 一 translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. 翻译是把一种语言的文字材料替换成另一种语言的对等的文字材料。 关键词:对等语 翻译理论的中心任务:defining the nature and conditions of translation equivalence (确定对等语的性质和条件) 2021/9/12 * 全文翻译(full translation)和部分翻译(partial translation) 完全翻译 (total translation) 和有限翻译 （restricted translation） 2021/9/12 * 对等问题 一方面:翻译对等是一种以经验为依据的现象。 行文对等（textual equivalence） 形式对等（formal correspondence） 对等概率-----翻译规则 在翻译中,译者要选择的不是具有“相同意义”的对等语,而应是具有相同或相似场合特征的对等语 2021/9/12 * 纽马克 翻译类别 翻译性质 翻译规则 意义的流失 2021/9/12 * Peter Newmark He argues that the central problem of translating...has always been whether to translate literally or freely. Semantic translation: is personal and individual, follows the thought processes of the author, tends to over-translate, pursues nuances of meaning, yet aims at concision in order to reproduce pragmatic impact. Communicative translation, on the other hand, attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership (Newmark 1988: 46-7). Informative and vocative (non-literary) texts require communicative translation; expressive (literary) texts tend more towards the semantic method of translation (Newmark 1981: 44). 2021/9/12 * 类别 交际性翻译 译作所产生的效果应力求接近