TPO36阅读文本和题目正式版.pdfVIP

-- T ＰO36－1 The F ｉｒst Eye Ｐu ｔti ｎg a ｄat ｅ on t ｈｅ first ａppea ｒa ｎce o ｆ eyes depeｎｄｓ on what on ｅ ｍｅ ans b ｙ ｅye. If t ｈｅ term ref ｅrs to a ｍｕｌ t ｉcellular or ｇａｎ , ev ｅｎ ｉｆ it has j ｕｓt a ｆew cell ｓ, the ｎ by ｄ efinit ｉon, eyes c ｏu ｌd ｎot form before ｔｈere wer ｅ multic ｅllu ｌa ｒ anim ａls. Bu ｔ ma ｎy p ｒｏｔis ｔs （ａnim ａｌ-li ｋe， plantl ｉｋｅ, or fungus- ｌｉke u ｎicel ｌｕla ｒ ｏrga ｎisｍs th ａｔ requir ｅ a water-based environme ｎｔ） c ａn detect l ｉght by using a ｇg ｒe ｇa ｔio ｎs ｏf pigmen ｔ ｍol ｅｃu ｌes, and ｔhey u ｓｅ this ｉｎfo ｒmat ｉｏn to mod ｉfy th ｅir met ａbolic ａctivity ｏr m ｏtility ( ｔｈe a ｂility to mov ｅ spo ｎ taneously and in ｄe ｐendentl ｙ). One ｏf ｔhe fami ｌｉar livin ｇ exaｍple ｓ, prob ａbl ｙ ｋn ｏwn to anyone who has ｔake ｎ a biolog ｙ ｃｌa ｓｓ， is the aquat ｉc pr ｏto ｚｏa ｎ Eu ｇｌen ａ， w ｈi ｃh has an ey ｅｓp ｏt ｎｅ ar it ｓ m ｏtile fIag ｅllum (hair ｌike st ｒｕc ｔｕｒ e) ． Ｓo ｍe ｌiving p ｒo ｔi ｓt ｓ are very like their ancestral forms embedde ｄ in ａnci ｅnt ｓed ｉm ｅｎt ａｒy rock ｓ, ａｎd ｔhis simila ｒity ｓuggest ｓ t ｈat the ａbi ｌｉｔy to ｄｅtec ｔ ｌi ｇh ｔ a ｎd modify behavior ｉn resp ｏn ｓｅ to l ｉg ｈt ha ｓ be ｅn ａｒound f ｏr a ｖe ｒy l ｏｎg time ． An ｉm ａls ａrose from ｏn ｅ of su ｃh ｕn ｉc ｅl ｌu ｌar creatｕr ｅｓ, perhap ｓ from one a ｌre ａdy ｓｐeci ａｌｉ zed for ａ pr ｉmiti ｖe kin ｄ ｏf vi ｓion. A ｎ eye is a ｃoll ｅc ｔｉo ｎ of cell ｓ that ａre spec ｉalized for light ｄe ｔection ｔhr ｏugh the pre ｓenc ｅ of ｐho ｔo ｓeｎsit ｉve p ｉgment ａs ｗe ｌl ａｓ a m ｅans of restricti ｎg the ｄi ｒectio ｎ of i ｎｃoming lig ｈt