分子生物学课件罗建红.pptxVIP

Molecular Biology:Moving elements;Transposable elements (transposons);Two general classes;Transposons in prokaryotes and eukaryotes;Transposable elements can promote rearrangements of the genome directly or indirectly ;Insertion sequences are the simplest transposons;Transposons have inverted terminal repeats and generate direct repeats of flanking DNA at the target site. In this example, the target is a 5 bp sequence. The ends of the transposon consist of inverted repeats of 9 bp, where the numbers 1 through 9 indicate a sequence of base pairs ;Some features of IS ;More features of IS;Composite transposons have IS modules ;Some features of Tn;Creation of a new inside-out transposon Two IS elements in fact can transpose any sequence residing between them, as well as themselves. This figure shows that if Tn10 resides on a circular replicon, its two modules can be considered to flank either the tetR gene of the original Tn10 or the sequence in the other part of the circle. So a transposition event can involve either the original Tn10 transposon (marked by the movement of tetR) or the creation of the new inside-out transposon with the alternative central region The frequency of transposition for composite transposons declines with the distance between the modules. So length dependence is a factor in determining the sizes of the common composite transposons ;Mechanism of transposition;Three types of transposition;Replicative transposition creates a copy of the transposon;Keep in mind:;Transposons cause rearrangement of DNA;This figure depicts the consequences of a reciprocal recombination between a pair of inverted repeats. The region between the repeats becomes inverted; the repeats themselves remain available to sponsor further inversions. A composite transposon whose modules are inverted is a stable component of the genome, although the direction of the central region with regard to the modules could be inverted by recombination ;Common intermediates for transposit