苏云金杆菌毒素及其应用.pptxVIP

 苏云金杆菌（BT）毒素及其应用;1 What is Bacillus thuringiensis ;A rod-shaped (1.0-1.2 by 3-5 micron), gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, spore forming bacterium;菌体照片;A facultative pathogen of some insect species commonly used as a biopesticide.;More than 150 insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera are known to be susceptible to Bt. To be effective, Bt must be eaten by insects during their feeding stage of development, when they are larvae. Bt is ineffective against adult insects. ;During sporulation, it produces protein inclusions (parasporal inclusions) adjacent to the endospore;Electron Micrograph of a Sporulating Bt Cell ;The parasporal inclusions consist of one or more insecticidal proteins in the form of a crystal or crystal-complex. These insecticidal proteins are commonly known as Insecticidal Crystal Proteins (ICP) or delta endotoxin. The primary insecticidal activity of Bt is due to ICP. It is the active ingredient of most (90%) of the microbial insecticides produced in the world.? ;The endospore, highly resistant to environmental stress, provides a mechanism for long-term survival of Bt. ;芽孢;Besides ICP and endospore, some Bt subspecies produce Beta Exotoxin which is toxic to all forms of life including humans;An insect must have a strongly alkaline mid-gut, specific proteolytic enzymes and suitable tissue receptor-sites, to be susceptible.? ;Bt can be produced easily on solid media or under submerged fermentation conditions - a key factor in its successful development as a biopesticide. ;Biotechnology and advances in the fermentation industry over the past three decades have improved the quality of Bt products. ;Bt is key source of genes for transgenic expression to provide pest resistance in plants. ;转基因玉米;2 History ;Discovered by Dr. Ishiwatari (a Japanese bacteriologist) in 1901 in silkworm farms as the causal agent of the sotto bacillus disease. ;蚕;Insecticidal activity was discovered in 1911 by Berliner (Germany) H