英汉十大差异复习课程.pptVIP

1.英语重形合,汉语重意合. 英语重形合,汉语重意合. 跑得了和尚,跑不了庙. The monks may run away, but the temple cannot run away with him. 一个英国人,不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行. An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. 那太阳,整天躲在云层里,现在又光芒四射了. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in full splendor. 英语重形合,汉语重意合. 他不去我去. I’d like to go if he wouldn’t. 他不去我也去. I’d go there even if he wouldn’t to with me. 他不去我才去. I’d go there only if he won’t. 人穷志短 When a man is poor his ambition is not far-reaching. (Poverty stifles ambition.) 人穷志不短. Though one is poor, he has high ambition. 人有脸,树有皮. The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree. 2.英语:前重心;汉语:后重心 英汉句子的重心,就逻辑而言,一般均落在结论,断言,结果以及事实上,但细究之下,其”异在于重心的位置所在,即 “英前汉后”. 生活中既有悲剧,文学作品就可以写悲剧. 这是一个 “因果”句,汉语一般是先因后果.如此排列可见“因”轻“果”重.相应的英语表达是: Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.(先果后因) 小国人民敢于起来斗争,敢于拿起武器,掌握自己国家的命运,就一定能够战胜大国的侵略. 本句所用句式为:条件---断言,即”如果怎样,结果就怎样”.前者”条件”为轻,后者”断言”为重.其相应英语表达为: The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. (先“断言”后“条件”) 3.英语:静态语言;汉语:动态语言 英语有少用(谓语)动词,或使用其他手段表示动作意义的自然倾向;而汉语则有动辄使用动词的固有习惯. 英语静态特征的表现主要有句法方式或词汇方式两种.前者如使用非谓语或非限定动词,省略动词以及将动词名词化等;后者如使用动词的同源名词,同源形容词,介词及副词等.相对而言,汉语的动词由于无英语动词那样的形态变化,若要表达动作意义,往往别无他法,只能起用动词本身. 英语:静态语言;汉语:动态语言 我疯狂地爱上了她,她也疯狂地爱上了我. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.(英语可省略后半句的动词,汉语却不可.) 他来回晃着脑袋,欲望在膨胀,意志在萎缩. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.(英语用独立结构,汉语则用动词.) 我担心你误解了我. I am afraid of you misunderstanding me.(英语用动名词复合结构) 英语:静态语言;汉语:动态语言 这将证实其使用是十分普遍的. That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. (confirm同根名词) 除上述同源词外,还有众多的词可用来表示动作意义.如:glance, glimpse, look, mention, close等;形容词able, afraid, angry, anxious, aware, capable, good等.在特定的语言环境中,这些词都宜译作相应的动词.如: 一看见他,我就紧张. The very sight of him makes me nervous. 对此我深信不疑. I’m sure of it. 4.英语重物称;汉语重人称. 英语的物称倾向十分明显,