罗宾斯管理学计划章节 .pptxVIP

“A man who does not plan long ahead will find trouble at his door” Confucius人无远虑必有近忧-孔子6–Part II 计划与决策 Planning Decision makingFoundations of planning 规划基础Planning tools and techniques 规划的方法Managers as decision makers 决策Strategic management 战略7–Chapter3Foundations of Planning规划/决策/计划工作Contents- Foundations of PlanningThe What and Why of PlanningGoals and PlansSetting Goals and Developing PlansPlanning tools and techniques8–The What and Why of Planning 什么是规划为何需要规划8–1.1 What Is Planning?D Planning （计划工作，规划）A primary managerial activity that involves:Defining the organization’s goalsEstablishing an overall strategies for achieving those goalsDeveloping plans for organizational work activities.计划工作是确定目标、制定实现这些目标的总体战略，以及制定组织的工作计划等活动。Concerned with both ends and means8–Types of planningInformal: not written down, short-term focus; specific to an organizational unit.Formal: In formal planning, specific goals covering a period of years are defined. These goals are written, specific, shared with organizational members to reduce ambiguity and create a common understanding about what needs to be done. Specific action plans (how the goals will be reached.)The term planning in this book, we do mean formal planning8–Essentials of planning 规划的基本要素Robert Kreitner: Planning is the process of coping with uncertainty by formulating future courses of action to achieve specified results.规划是为了应对未来不确定性取得特定目标而采取行动的过程。The essentials of planning include:Organization mission, 组织使命Types of planning, 规划类型Objectives (goals), 目标Priorities, 优先重点 Planning/control cycles 规划周期Strategy 战略8–9、我们的市场行为主要的导向因素，第一个是市场需求的导向，第二个是技术进步的导向，第三大导向是竞争对手的行为导向。10、市场销售中最重要的字就是“问”。11、现今，每个人都在谈论着创意，坦白讲，我害怕我们会假创意之名犯下一切过失。12、在购买时，你可以用任何语言；但在销售时，你必须使用购买者的语言。13、He who seize the right moment, is the right man.谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。14、市场营销观念：目标市场，顾客需求，协调市场营销，通过满足消费者需求来创造利润。15、我就像一个厨师，喜欢品尝食物。如果不好吃，我就不要它。16、我总是站在顾客的角度看待即将推出的产品或服务，因为我就是顾客。17、利人为利已的根基，市场营销上老是为自己着想，而不顾及到他人，他人也不会顾及你。Mission – the start point of setting goalsMission （使命