计算机专业英语复习.docxVIP

将以下英文句子翻译成中文。(6，*5=30，) The world of microprocessors and CPUs can be divided into two parts: complex instruction set computers using CISC processors and reduced instruction set computers with RISC processors. Both seek to improve system performance, through paradoxical using directly opposite approaches. (6) 微处理器和CPU可以分为两大类：应用CISC处理器的复杂指令集的计算机和应用 RISC处理器的精简指令集的计算机。尽管它们采取了完全相反的方法，但两者都 是为了提高系统的处理效率。 Internal memory is al so called primary or main memory because it is the storage element that is accessed by the control unit for the programs and data elements currently active in the system. External memory is al so called secondary memory because it provides a second, longer-term storage for programs and data needed frequently but not currently active. It usually consists of disk units electronically connected to the system. An I/O operation is required to access information stored in secondary memory. (6‘) 内存也称为主存，因为它是系统中存放控制单元存取程序和当前数据的存储单元。 外部存储器也称为辅助存储器，它提供辅助的、永久存放非当前需要的程序和数 据。它通常包含于系统相连的磁盘单元。访问存放在辅助存储器中信息需要一个 输入输出操作。 3. A processor is a functional unit that interprets and carries out instructions. Every processor comes with a unique set of operations such as ADD, STORE, or LOAD that represent the processors instruction set. Computer designers are fond of calling their computers machines, so the instruction set is sometimes referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language. A process or is composed of two functional units—a control unit and an arithmetic/logic unit—and a set of special workspaces called registers. (61) 处理器是一个解释和执行指令的功能部件。每一个处理器都有唯一的操作 集，诸如ADD, STORE, LOAD等表示处理器指令集。计算机设计者通常将 计算机称为机器，因此指令集有时指机器指令和被称为机器语言的二进制 语言。处理器由控制单元、算术逻辑单元和一组被称为存放器的特殊工作 空间组成。（6） 4. If some portion of an algorithm involves choosing between a number of alternatives, and it is difficult to determine the optimal choice, then it is often more efficient to choose a course of action at random rather than taking the time to de