多线程运行机制概要文.pdfVIP

1.多线程运行特点 同一段 Java 程序，在不同虚拟机 (JVM) 的实现可能会有不同，尤其 Java 线程。学习线 程时， 最令我印象深刻的就是那种不确定性、 没有保障性， 各个线程的运行完全是以不可预 料的方式和速度推进， 有的一个程序运行了 N 次， 其结果差异性很大， 这全要归咎于 JVM 。 所谓的多任务是通过周期性地将 CPU 时间片切换到不同的子任务， 虽然从微观上看来， 单核的 CPU 上同时只运行一个子任务，但是从宏观来看，每个子任务似乎是同时连续运行 的( 但是 JAVA 的线程不是按时间片分配的。 2. 解释：引用一段网友翻译的国外某 Java 原著中对线程的理解。 Thread Scheduling In Java technology,threads are usually preemptive,but not necessarily Time-sliced(the process of giving each thread an equal amount of CPU time).It is common mistake to believe that preemptive is a fancy word for does time-slicing. For the runtime on a Solaris Operating Environment platform,Java technology does not preempt threads of the same priority.However,the runtime on Microsoft Windows platforms uses time-slicing,so it preempts threads of the same priority and even threads of higher priority.Preemption is not guaranteed;however,most JVM implementations result in behavior that appears to be strictly preemptive.Across JVM implementations,there is no absolute guarantee of preemption or time-s licing.The only guarantees lie in the coder ’s use of wait and sleep. The model of a preemptive scheduler is that many threads might be runnable,but only one thread is actually running.This thread continues to run until it ceases to be runnable or another thread of higher priority becomes runnable.In the latter case,the lower priority thread is preempted by the thread of higher priority,which gets a chance to run instead. A thread might cease to runnable (that is,because blocked) for a variety of reasons.The thread ’s code can execute a Thread.sleep() call,deliberately asking the thread to pause for a fixed period of time.The thread might have to