环境科学概论教学课件(第五讲).pptxVIP

CHAPTER FIVEEnergy and Civilization: Patterns of Consumption ;OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain why all organisms require a constant input of energy. Describe how per capita energy consumption increased as civilization developed from hunting and gathering to primitive agriculture to advanced cultures. Describe how advanced modern civilizations developed as new fuels were used to run machines. Correlate the Industrial Revolution with social and economic changes. Explain how cheap oil and natural gas led to a consumption-oriented society. Explain how the automobile changed peoples lifestyles.;Every form of life and all societies require a constant input of energy If the flow of energy through organisms or societies ceases, they stop functioning and begin to disintegrate.;History Of Energy Consumption ;Kind of biological energy sources;Domesticated animals furnished for transportation;Animal power;Wood use for cooking;farming;History Of Energy Consumption Including: cooking , transportation, fight and farming. ;Increased use of wood ;Deserted mountain;Fossil fuels and industrial revolution ;Fossil fuels;Historically, the first fossil fuel to be used extensively was coal. In the early eighteenth century, regions of the world that had readily available coal deposits were able to switch to this new fuel and participate in a major cultural change known as the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread to much of Europe and North America. It involved the invention of machines that replaced human and animal labor in manufacturing and transporting goods. Central to this change was the invention of the steam engine, which could convert heat energy into the energy of motion. The source of energy for steam engines was either wood or coal; wood was quickly replaced by coal in most cases. Nations without a source of coal, or those possessing coal reserves that were not easily exploited, did not partic