12月17日托福阅读机经精确预测.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 12月17日托福阅读机经精确预测 托福阅读：12月17日托福阅读机经精确预测 托福考试名师辅导  类别：生物类 真题 140525CN-P2  Title：How Animals in Rain Forests Make Themselves HeardScientists have discovered that animals are experts at exploiting weather conditions and the physical conditions of their environments so that they are heard or not heard, and seen or not seen.The species living in rain forests must engineer their calls to accommodate all of the obstacles,such as leaf cover, that can deflect and degrade the sounds intended for a potential receiver. Over,short, loud bursts of sound tend to be more effective than longer calls at cutting through the dense foliage.  There is no natural environment on Earth noisier than a virgin rain forest. In the Peruvian rain forest, every species has developed clever or remarkably sophisticated strategies to ensure that its voice is heard. The noise creates a real challenge for the smaller residents, such as male tree crickets,which need to get the attention of females, often from a relatively long distance. Some species of crickets maximize the volume of their calls by chewing a hole in the middle of a leaf to create a sound baffle, similar to a stereo speaker. The leaf functions as a speaker cabinet, with the cricket in the center acting as the speaker.A species of tree frog in Borneo has an inventive approach to getting its mating call heard over the  noise. Mataphrenella sudana, which is only an inch long, has learned to exploit the sound properties of a water-filled hole in a tree in the same way that a person uses resonance, the intensification and enrichment of a sound by added vibration, in the shower to sing like a professional performer.The frog searches for a suitable hole and then partially submerges itself in the water. Its forte is the ability to adjust the frequency of its call to the size of the hole and play the tree like a musical  instrument. As it sits in the hole, it begins voc