《计算机专业英语》Lesson_1.pptxVIP

Lesson 1 CPU CPU is the Abbreviation of Central Processing Unit， and pronounced as separate letters. Sometimes it is referred to simply as the processor or central processor. The CPU is the brains of the computer. It is responsible for handling all instructions and calculations it receives from other hardware components in the computer and software programs running on the computer.［1］ For example， the CPU runs the operating system， the software programs installed on your computer， and device peripherals such as printers and flatbed scanners. In terms of computing power， the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. All the CPU does is run programs by fetching instructions from RAM， evaluating them， and executing them in sequence. The instructions are numbers of the binary system， in a special format that is unique for each machine. The CPU breaks an instruction into parts to see if it has to do something. For instance， a “1” in a certain position in an instruction could mean that the CPU would have to load data in from RAM， or that it would have to add two numbers. ［2］ After the CPU determines what an instruction is supposed to do， it tells its component parts what to do to complete the instruction. back • A CPU has three typical components， that is Arithmetic and Logic Unit（ALU），Control Unit（CU）and Registers. The ALU is made up of devices called gates that receive one or more inputs and ， based upon what function they are designed to perform， output a result.［3］ It performs simple arithmetic and logical operations， such as NOT， Left Shift， Right Shift， Add， Subtract， AND， and OR. CU extracts instructions from memory， decodes and executes them， calling on the ALU when necessary. Registers are temporary memory units that store words. The registers are located in the processor， instead of in RAM， so data can be accessed and stored faster. • On large machines， CPUs require one or more printed circuit blocks. On personal computers（PC）and small workstations