普通生态学课件合集.ppt

The rates of mineral loss change greatly when watersheds are stripped of vegetation (当植被破坏土壤裸露时,矿物质流失率的变异很大). This was done experimentally in a certain area of the Hubbard Brook watershed. See Figure 4. 5. An experiment of mineral loss 矿物流失实验 Figure 4-1. An experiment of mineral loss 矿物流失实验 Figure 4-2. The experiment of calcium loss 钙流失实验 Compared to undisturbed watersheds, six times as much calcium was lost by way of stream outflow in the defoliated areas(无植被区域). Because calcium and other nutrients move so slowly through geochemical cycles, deforestation may disrupt nutrient availability for an entire ecosystem. 6. The experiment of calcium loss 钙流失实验 第3节 讨论与小结 Process of hydrologic cycle 水循环的过程 Characters of hydrologic cycle 水循环特征 Water is vital for ecosystems 水的生态作用 Seepage and runoff of water 渗流和径流 An experiment of mineral loss 矿物流失实验 An experiment of calcium loss 钙流失实验 第4节 碳循环 Concepts: Definition of carbon cycle 碳循环的定义 Process of carbon cycle 碳循环的过程 Characteristic of carbon cycle 碳循环的特征 Decomposition and accumulation 分解与积累 Earth’s carbon balance 地球碳平衡 Human impact on carbon cycle 人类影响 Increase of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳增加 Effects of global warming 全球变暖效应 次级肉食者到高级肉食者 所有生产者和消费者均到分解者 生产者到初级消费者 初级消费者到次级消费者 细菌,真菌 Figure 4-5. A food web of temperate prairie 草原食物网 9. Ecological pyramid 生态金字塔 Often, the trophic structure of an ecosystem is represented as an ecological pyramid in which producers form a base for successive tiers of consumers above them. Some pyramids are based on biomass (the weight of all the members at which trophic level), others on energy flow. 生物量金字塔 能量流金字塔 Figure 5-1. 水域生态系统能量金字塔 Figure 5-2. 水域生态系统能量金字塔 第1节讨论与小结 Definition of ecosystem 生态系统概念 Components of ecosystem 生态系统组成 Energy of ecosystems 生态系统的能源 Primary producers 初级生产者 The consumers 生态系统的消费者 The decomposers 生态系统的分解者 The trophic levels