寻找生物学知识间的逻辑关系.pptx

寻找生物学现象之间的逻辑关系;现象和规律;Figure 1 ;Why is the expression of these two proteins regulated at translation level rather than transcription?;To respond to external changes quickly. Then, why not other genes are regulated at transcription level, rather than translation level? Cost and benefit? The cost of regulation at translation level? The benefit? Cell need to respond to iron concentration much more rapidly than other thing like lactose. Further? The too much free irons may be toxic.;Iron is a critical nutrient for plants as much as for the humans who eat them. In plants, iron is required for photosynthesis and respiration, but too much iron can be toxic (see the Perspective by Gitlin). Kim et al. (p. 1295 in Science, published online 2 November, 2006) provide insight into how plants collect and store iron while avoiding its toxic effects. Analysis of the vacuolar iron transport gene in Arabidopsis shows that the cellular vacuole is used for storage of iron. Uauy et al. (p. 1298) have identified the TaNAM gene, which regulates senescence, as well as the mobilization of nitrogen, zinc, and iron, from leaves to the developing grain. For the detail of the toxicity, see the following review: M. W. Hentze, M. U. Muckenthaler, and N. C. Andrews, Balancing Acts: Molecular Control of Mammalian Iron Metabolism, Cell 117 (2004) 285-297;Fenton chemistry;H2O2 can diffuse across cell membranes, and aquaporin acts as a membrane transporter to facilitate its diffusion;2011. Fang FC. Antimicrobial actions of reactive oxygen species. mBio, 2(5):00141-00111. ;Lactose Operon;Lactose Operon;Is the story complete?;Basal transcription;More questions?;The cost of wasteful protein expression;Why operon in C. elegan revealed;现象和规律